Shrewsbury & Atcham
Borough Council

PREVENTING WASTE, UNDUE COMSUMPTION, MISUSE OR CONTAMINATION OF WATER SUPPLIED BY THEM

Byelaws made under Section 17 of the Water Act 1945 by the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the Borough of Shrewsbury
acting by the Council for

PREVENTING WASTE, UNDUE CONSUMPTION, MISUSE OR CONTAMINATION OF WATER SUPPLIED BY THEM

Interpretation

1. (1) In these byelaws unless the context otherwise requires -
  "British Standard" means a standard or specification issues by the British Standards Institution, a copy of which is available for inspection at the offices of the undertakers at Guildhall, Shrewsbury.
  "capacity" in relation to a storage cistern means the capacity of the cistern measured up to the water-line;
  "corrosion-resisting alloy" means an alloy which is highly resistant to corrosion by the water supplied by the undertakers and has a tensile strength of not less than eleven toms per square inch of sectional area;
  "cylinder" means a cylindrical closed vessel capable of containing water under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure;
  "distributing pipe" means any pipe conveying water supplied by the undertakers from a storage cistern or from a hot water apparatus supplied from a feed cistern, and under pressure from such cistern;
  "feed cistern" means any storage cistern used for supplying cold water to a hot water apparatus;
  "house" means a dwelling-house, whether a private dwelling-house or not, and includes any part of a building if that part is occupied as a separate dwelling-house;
  "service pipe" means so much of any pipe for supplying water from a main of the undertakers to any premises as is subject to water pressure from that main, or would be so subject but for the closing of some stopvalve;
  "stopvalve" includes stopcock, stop tap and any other device for stopping the flow of water in a line of pipes at will;
  "storage cistern" means any cistern, other than a flushing cistern, having a free water surface under atmospheric pressure from which water supplied by the undertakers is delivered for use otherwise than through a draw-off tap fixed to the cistern;
  "tank" means a non-cylindrical closed vessel capable of containing water under pressure greater than atmospheric pressure;
  "temporary purpose" in relation to the use of any pipe means building, demolition or constructional work during such period as the work is in progress or any other temporary purpose during a period not exceeding one month or such longer period not exceeding three months as the undertakers may approve in any particular case;
  "undertakers" means the Mayor, Aldermen and Burgesses of the Borough of Shrewsbury acting by the Council;
  "warning pipe" means an overflow pipe so fixed that its outlet end is in an exposed and conspicuous position where the discharge of any water therefrom may be readily seen;
  "water fittings" includes pipes (other than mains), taps, cocks, valves, ferrules, meters, cisterns, baths, waterclosets, soil pans and other similar apparatus used connection with the supply and use of water;
  "water-line" in relation to a cistern means the top water level at which the cistern is designed to work.

 (2) Any requirement in these byelaws that a water fitting shall comply with a British Standard shall extend only to so much of that Standard as relates to the size, nature, materials, strength and workmanship of such fitting and shall be deemed to be satisfied, notwithstanding any departure from such Standard, if that departure does not adversely affect the efficiency or suitability of the fitting in relation to the purposes for which these byelaws are made.

Application of byelaws

2.  A person shall not, for the purpose of conveying, delivering, receiving, or using water supplied by the undertakers -

(a) use any water fitting which is of such a nature or is so arranged or connected as to cause or permit, or be likely to cause or permit, waste, undue consumption, misuse, erroneous measurement or contamination of water, or reverberation in pipes;
(b) use any water fitting which is not in accordance with such of the particular requirements of these byelaws as may be applicable to it; nor
(c) arrange, connect, disconnect, alter or renew any water fitting in contravention of any requirement  of these byelaws.

3. These byelaws shall not apply so as to require any person to alter or renew any water fitting lawfully fixed at the date when these byelaws come into force or to provide any addition thereto unless such fitting is so defective or in such condition or position as to cause or be likely to cause waste, undue consumption, misuse, erroneous measurement or contamination of water supplied by the undertakers, or reverberation in pipes.

4. Where water is -
(i) taken by meter,
(ii) discharged openly into a cistern from a point not less than six inches above the overflowing level thereof, and
(iii) conveyed therefrom for use in some industrial or research process, the following byelaws, other than byelaw 31, shall not apply in relation to any water fitting supplied with water from such cistern and used solely in connection with such process in so far as the nature of that process renders compliance with the said byelaws impracticable.

Material of pipes

5. No service or distributing pipe shall be of wrought iron or steel: Provided that this byelaw shall not prohibit the use of pipes of wrought iron or steel which -
(i) form part of a fire sprinkler or fire drencher installation from which water is drawn only for the extinction of fire;
(ii) form part of a closed circuit from which water is not drawn; or
(iii) are used for a temporary purpose only.

Pipes of lead and lead alloy

6. Every service pipe, distributing pipe, flushing pipe and warning pipe of lead or lead alloy shall comply, in the case of lead pipes, with British Standard 602: 1949 for lead pipes for other than chemical purposes, and in the case of lead alloy pipes, with British Standard 603: 1941 for lead pipes (B.N.F. ternary alloy (No.2) ), or with British Standard 1085: 1946 for lead pipes (silver-copper-lead alloy) and shall in any case be of not less than the minimum weight per linear yard specified in the relevant Standard as appropriate for the maximum pressure to which the pipe will be liable to be subjected under working conditions.

7. Every joint in a lead or lead alloy pipe shall be made by means of a watertight wiped soldered joint of the type known as a plumber's joint or some other equally efficient and suitable watertight joint.

8. Every connection between a lead or lead alloy pipe and a pipe of any other metal shall be made by means of a screw-ferrule of corrosion-resisting allow wiped on to the lead or lead alloy pipe or by means of some other equally efficient and suitable watertight joint.

9. Where any water fitting is connected to a lead or lead alloy pipe by means of a wiped joint, not less than one-and-a-quarter inches of such fitting shall be included within the wiped joint.

Pipes of cast iron or asbestos cement

10. Every service pipe or distributing pipe of cast iron (vertically cast), spun cat iron or asbestos cement shall be of sufficient strength to withstand a test pressure not less than double the pressure to which the pipes will be liable to be subjected under working conditions, and, subject thereto, shall comply with the appropriate British Standards as shown hereunder:-

Material of Pipe	British Standard
Cast Iron (vertically cast)   Spun cast iron   Asbestos cement	78: 1938 for cast iron pipes (vertically cast) for water, gas and sewage. 1211: 1945 for centrifugally cast (spun) iron pipes for water, gas and sewage. 486: 1933 for asbestos cement pressure pipes

Provided that in the case of heating pipes of cast iron forming part of a closed circuit from which water is not drawn and subject to a pressure under working conditions not exceeding one hundred feet head of water every such pipe shall comply with the requirements of British Standard 40: 1908 for cast iron spigot and socket low pressure heating pipes.

Pipes of wrought iron or steel permitted by Byelaw 5

11. (1) Every service pipe of wrought iron or steel shall, subject to the provisions of the next succeeding paragraph of this byelaw, comply with the requirements for pipes of steam (heavy) quality contained in British Standard 788: 1938 for wrought iron tubes and tubulars or with the requirements for Class C pipes contained in British Standard 1387: 1947 for steel tubes and tubulars.

(2) Every service pipe of wrought iron or steel not in contact with the soil which -

(a) Forms part of a fire sprinkler or fire drencher installation from which water is drawn only for the extinction of fire; and
(b) is kept charged with water through an automatic alarm valve or is charged with water only when fire occurs

shall comply with the requirements for pipes of water (medium) quality contained in British Standard 788: 1938 for wrought iron tubes and tubulars or the requirements for Class B pipes contained in British Standard 1387: 1947 for steel tubes and tubulars.

(3) Every distributing pipe of wrought iron or steel not in contact with the soil shall comply with the requirements for pipes of water (medium) quality contained in British Standard 788: 1938 for wrought iron tubes and tubulars or the requirements for Class B pipes contained in British Standard 1387: 1947 for steel tubes and tubulars, and every such distributing pipe in contact with the soil shall comply with the requirements contained in the said British Standards for pipes of steam (heavy) quality and for Class C pipes respectively.

(4) Every malleable cast iron fitting used in connection with any pipe to which the preceding paragraphs of this byelaw relate shall comply with the relevant requirements of British Standard 143: 1952 or 1256: 1952 for malleable cast iron and cast copper allow pipe fittings.

(5) Every wrought fitting of iron or steel used in connection with any pipe to which paragraphs (1) to (3) of this byelaw relate shall comply with British Standard 1740: 1951 for wrought pipe fittings and shall be of heavy weight when used in connection with steam (heavy) quality or Class C pipes.

(6) Every pipe and every fitting referred to in this byelaw shall be effectively protected against external corrosion, and unless forming part of a closed circuit from which water is not drawn, against internal corrosion.

Pipes of copper

12. (1) Every service pipe or distributing pipe of copper connected by means of screw joints shall comply with British Standard 61: Part 1: 1947 for copper tubes (heavy gauge) for general purposes and every screw thread used in connection with such joints shall comply with British Standard 61: Part 2: 1946 for screw threads for copper tubes.

 (2) Copper alloy pipe fittings and copper allow three piece unions, for copper pipes screwed in accordance with Table 1 of British Standard 61: Part 2: 1946, shall comply respectively with British Standard 99: 1922 and British Standard 66: 1914.

 (3) Cast copper alloy pipe fittings, for copper pipes screwed in accordance with Table 4 of British Standard 61: Part 2: 1946, shall comply with the relevant requirements of British Standard 143: 1952 or 1256: 1952 for malleable cast iron and cast copper allow pipe fittings.

13. (1) Every service pipe or distributing pipe of copper to be connected by means of compression fittings or capillary fittings or by bronze or autogenous welding, if laid under the ground, shall comply with British Standard 1386: 1947 for copper tubes to be buried underground, and if not laid under the ground, shall comply with British Standard 659: 1944 for light gauge copper tubes.

 (2) Every such capillary fitting or compression fitting shall comply with British Standard 864: 1953 for capillary fittings and compression fittings of copper and copper alloy for use with copper tube complying with BS 659 and BS 1386, and every such compression fitting on nay pipe laid under the ground shall be of Type B.

Pipes of materials not mentioned

14. Every service pipe or distributing pipe of any material not specifically provided for in these byelaws shall be of suitable material and of sufficient strength to withstand a test pressure not less than double the pressure to which the pipe will be liable to be subjected under working conditions.

Bends or curves in pipes

15. No bend or curve in any pipe shall be made so as materially to diminish the waterway or alter the internal diameter of the pipe in any part.

Support of pipes

16. Every pipe shall be adequately supported and shall be so aligned as to avoid air locks.

Protection of pipes

17. Every pipe laid under the ground shall be reasonably protected from corrosion and risk of injury and, when not beneath a building, shall where practicable be not less than two feet six inches below the surface of the ground:
  Provided that this byelaw shall not apply to any pipe which is used only for a temporary purpose.

18. No service pipe or distributing pipe shall be laid so as to pass into or through any sewer, drain, or cesspool, or any manhole connected therewith, or into or through any ashpit or manure pit and, except where unavoidable, shall not be laid through or allowed to remain in contact with any foul soil or any material of such a nature that it would be likely to cause undue deterioration of such pipe.  Where the laying of any such pipe through foul soil or injurious material cannot be avoided the pipe shall be efficiently protected from contact with such soil or material either by being carried through an exterior corrosion-resisting tube or by some other suitable means.

Protection of water fittings

19. (1) So far as reasonably practicable every water fitting inside a building shall be so placed as not to render it liable to damage by frost.

(2) Where a water fitting, whether inside or outside a building, is so placed as to render it liable to damage by frost it shall be reasonably protected from such damage.

 (3) Every water fitting laid or fixed in such a position, whether inside or outside a building, as to render it liable to injury from some cause other than frost, shall be reasonably protected from such injury.

 (4) This byelaw shall not apply to any pipe which is used only for a temporary purpose, or to any warning pipe or other overflow pipe.

20. Every water fitting within a building shall, so far as is reasonably practicable, be so placed as to be readily accessible for examination, repair or replacement;

Provided that this byelaw shall not prevent]
(i) the enclosing of any pipe in a properly designed chase or duct so constructed that the pipe is reasonably accessible for examination, repair or replacement, nor
(ii) the embedding of any pipe in the fabric of a building so far as may be necessary for the due operation of any system of heat radiation.

Provision of stopvalves

21. Every person who shall lay or use any service pipe shall permit the undertakers to fit thereon a stopvalve enclosed in a covered box or pit of such size as may be reasonably necessary and placed in such position as the undertakers deem most convenient;

Provided that a stopvalve in private premises shall be placed as near as is reasonably practicable to the street from which the service pipe enters those premises.

22. (1) In addition to any stopvalve fitted by the undertakers in pursuance of the last preceding byelaw, every service pipe supplying water to any building, or to any part of a building the supply to which is separately chargeable, shall be fitted with a stopvalve inside, and as near as practicable to the point of entry of such pipe into, the building or part thereof.

(2) Where the last mentioned stopvalve has an internal diameter of less than two inches it shall comply with the requirements for stopvalves contained in British Standard 1010: 1953 for draw-off taps and stopvalves for water services.

 (3) Where the said stopvalve has an internal diameter of more than two inches it shall comply with British Standard 1218: 1946 for sluice valves for waterworks purposes.

 (4) Where the said stopvalve has an internal diameter of two inches shall conform with the requirements of one or other of the last two preceding paragraphs.

23. A stopvalve shall be fitted on every draw-off pipe from every cold water storage cistern of a capacity exceeding three gallons and as near to the cistern as practicable:

Provided that where such a draw-off pipe is connected directly into a hot water storage cistern, cylinder or tank in such a way that the fitting of a stopvalve on such pipe is impracticable, a stopvalve shall be fitted on every draw-off pipe from the hot water cistern, cylinder or tank, and as near thereto as practicable.

Taps and valves

24. (1) Every draw-off tap and stopvalve of the ordinary screwdown pattern and of a nominal size not exceeding two inches shall comply with British Standard 1010: 1953 for such taps and valves.

(2) Every draw-off tap and stopvalve not being of the ordinary screwdown pattern shall be capable of resisting a pressure of at least three hundred pounds to the square inch, and every valve, spindle and other internal part and, where the nominal size of the tap or valve does not exceed two inches, the body thereof, shall be made of a corrosion-resisting allow;

Provided that the requirements herein contained with regard to pressure shall not apply to a control valve on a closed circuit from which water is not drawn.

 (3) Every sluice valve of a nominal size of two inches or more shall comply with British Standard 1218: 1946 for sluice valves for waterworks purposes, of Class 1 or Class 2 according to the pressure to which the valve will be liable to be subjected under working conditions.

25. (1) Every ball valve of the "Portsmouth" type and of a nominal size not exceeding two inches shall comply with British Standard 1212: 1953 for such ball valves.

(2)  Every ball valve not being of the "Portsmouth" type shall be sound and suitable and comply with the following requirements:-

(a) every high pressure valve shall close against a test pressure of two hundred pounds to the square inch; every medium pressure valve against a test pressure of one hundred pounds to the square inch; and every low pressure valve against a test pressure of forty pounds to the square inch; and every such valve, not being a valve having an interchangeable orifice seating, shall have the letters "H.P.", "M.P.", or "L.P." respectively cast or stamped on the body of the fitting, and every valve shall, while held in the closed position, be capable of resisting a pressure of three hundred pounds to the square inch.

 (b) every valve of the piston type shall be provided with a washer of suitable vulcanised rubber or some other equally suitable material and, for valves of nominal sizes not exceeding two inches, the washer shall be enclosed in an internally flanged cap screwed to the piston.

 (c) for every valve of a nominal size not exceeding two inches the body and the piston shall be of a corrosion-resisting alloy, the lever shall be of a corrosion-resisting alloy or of copper and shall be of sufficient rigidity not to bend permanently under working conditions.

 (d) every valve of ferrous metal of a nominal size exceeding two inches shall be provided with a flange on its inlet complying with British Standard 78: 1938, appendix A, table C, shall be protected against corrosion by dipping in accordance with the requirements of British Standard 1218: 1946 or by galvanising in accordance with the requirements of British Standard 1387: 1947, and shall have all its working surfaces lined or faced with and its orifice seating of a corrosion-resisting alloy.

 (3) Every ball valve float of a nominal outside diameter not exceeding twelve inches shall comply with British Standards 1968: 1953 for copper floats or with British Standard 2456: 1954 for plastic floats or with the requirements of British Standard 1212: 1953 for floats of other materials.

 (4) Every ball valve when fixed to a cistern shall have the size of the orifice, the size of the float and the length of the lever so proportioned to one another that, when the float is immersed to an extent not exceeding half its volume, the ball valve shall be watertight against the highest pressure at which it may be required to work.

26. Every ball valve or float-operated valve fitted to a storage cistern shall be securely and rigidly fixed thereto above the water-line, and shall be supported independently of the inlet pipe (unless such inlet pipe is itself rigid and rigidly fixed to the cistern), in such a position that no part of the body of the valve will be submerged when the cistern is charged to its overflowing level.

27. Where a ball valve or float-operated valve is provided with a pipe so arranged as to discharge water into a cistern below its overflowing level, an air hole shall be provided in the outlet chamber of the valve above such level of a size sufficient to prevent siphonage of water back through the valve.

28. No ball valve shall be fitted to a hot water storage cistern.

Prohibition of direct connection of supply system with receptacles used for water other than water supplied by the undertakers or with waterclosets, etc.

29. (1) No service pipe or distributing pipe or cistern used for the reception or conveyance of water supplied by the undertakers shall be used or so connected that it can be used for the reception or conveyance of any water other than that supplied by the undertakers:-

Provided that where the water supplied from the undertaker's mains to any cistern is discharged into the air not less than six inches above the top edge thereof of this byelaw shall not apply to such cistern or to any distributing pipe leading therefrom.

 (2) For the purpose of this byelaw water supplied by the undertakers shall, after being used for any purpose, be deemed to be water not so supplied.

30. No pipe, other than a flushing pipe leading from a flushing apparatus, shall deliver water to the pan of any watercloset or to any urinal.

31. No service pipe shall be connected to a distributing pipe, nor to a pump delivery pipe unless in the latter case such connection will not be liable to cause waste, undue consumption, misuse, erroneous measurement or contamination of water, or reverberation in pipes.

Cisterns

32. Every storage cistern shall be watertight, of adequate strength, properly supported and shall be constructed of slate, ceramic ware, asbestos cement, lead, galvanised iron or steel, copper or of a corrosion-resisting alloy or some other equally suitable material, or of wood lined with lead weighing not less than five pounds per square foot or with copper of not less not twenty-two Standard Wire Gauge or with some other equally suitable material.

33. Every storage cistern of mild steel and having a capacity not exceeding one thousand gallons shall comply with the requirements for grade A cisterns contained in British Standard 417: 1951 for galvanised mild steel cisterns, tanks and cylinders.

34. No storage cistern used in connection with a supply of water for domestic purposes shall be placed in such a position as to render the water therein liable to contamination, and every such cistern shall be suitably covered, but not so as to be air-tight, and shall be so placed and fitted that the interior thereof can be readily inspected and cleansed.

35. The inlet pipe of every flushing cistern or range of flushing cisterns, not being automatic flushing cisterns, and of every storage cistern or range of storage cisterns, shall be fitted with a ball valve, a float-operated valve or some other effective means of controlling the inflow of water so designed as to prevent overflow.

36. Every storage cistern not used as a feed cistern shall have a capacity of not less than twenty-five gallons, and every storage cistern used both as a feed cistern and as a storage cistern for other purposes, shall have a capacity of not less than fifty gallons.

37. Every cold water storage cistern of a capacity not exceeding one thousand gallons and every flushing cistern shall comply with the following requirements-

(a) it shall be fitted with an efficient warning pipe and with no other overflow pipe;
(b) the internal diameter of the warning pipe shall be greater than the internal diameter of the inlet pipe and in no case less than three-quarters of an inch; and
(c) the overflowing level of the warning pipe shall be set-
(i) below the top edge of the cistern at a distance of not less than twice the diameter of the warning pipe; and
(ii) above the water-line at a distance of not less than one inch or not less than the internal diameter of the warning pipe, whichever is the greater.

38. Every cold water storage cistern of a capacity exceeding one thousand gallons shall comply with the following requirements:-

(a) it shall be fitted with an efficient overflow pipe and, if such overflow pipe is not a warning pipe, shall also be fitted with an efficient warning pipe or some other effective device so arranged as to indicate when the water in the cistern reaches a level not less than two inches below the overflowing level of the overflow pipe;
 (b) where a warning pipe but no other overflow pipe is fitted, the warning pipe shall comply with the requirements of sub-paragraphs (b) and (c) of byelaw 37: and
 (c) where both a warning pipe and an overflow pipe other than a warning pipe are fitted, the internal diameter of the warning pipe shall be not less than one inch.

39. No storage cistern shall be buried or sunk in the ground; Provided that this byelaw shall not apply if-

(a) the water to be stored in the cistern is supplied by meter and is discharged into the air not less than six inches above the top edge of the cistern; and
 (b) the cistern is fitted with an efficient warning pipe or other effective device as required by byelaw 37 or byelaw 38 as the case may be.

Hot water apparatus, etc.

40. Where any boiler, geyser or other hot water apparatus, or any gas producer, gas engine, oil engine or other apparatus in or by which water supplied by the undertakers is heated is not supplied with cold water from a feed cistern the supply shall be controlled by a draw-off tap or stopvalve and shall not be connected directly to the water contained in the apparatus but shall be discharged into the air above the overflowing level of the apparatus;

Provided that this byelaw shall not apply in the case of an electric or gas water heater of a capacity not exceeding three gallons if-

(i) the apparatus is not thereby subjected to a working pressure higher than that for which it is designed;
(ii) the apparatus is so constructed that no leakage between gas and water spaces can occur; and
(iii) every draw-off point is in the open air above the overflowing level of any bath, lavatory basin, sink, or other appliance supplied therefrom.

41. No geyser or other hot water apparatus connected to a service pipe shall have any connection on its outlet side with any water fitting containing water supplied otherwise than through the geyser or other hot water apparatus or directly from the service pipe.

42. Where cold water is supplied to any geyser or other hot water apparatus from a feed cistern the outlet from the cistern to such apparatus shall be not less than one inch above the bottom of the cistern, and water shall be delivered therefrom to the hot water apparatus only.

43. Where a feed cistern, in addition to supplying cold water to a geyser or other hot water apparatus, is used as a storage cistern for other purposes, any outlet for those other purposes shall be at the same level as the outlet to the hot water apparatus.

44. No mixing valve or combination tap assembly in which hot water and cold water are mixed, other than any such valve or assembly forming part of or supplied with hot water from an electric or gas water heater connected as permitted by byelaw 40 directly to a service pipe, shall be supplied with cold water directly from a service pipe.

45. Every pipe used for conveying hot water shall be of lead, copper or of some corrosion-resisting alloy.

Provided that this byelaw shall not prohibit the use of cast iron pipe of not less than two inches internal diameter if suitable provision for their expansion is made, nor the use of steel or wrought iron pipes if they form part of a closed circuit from which water is not drawn.

46. No tap used for the purpose of drawing hot water shall be fixed at a greater distance (measured along the axis of the pipe by which the tap is supplied) from a hot water apparatus or hot water cistern, cylinder or tank, or from a flow and return system, than the distance appropriate to the largest internal diameter of any part of the said pip as shown in the following table:-

	Largest internal diameter of pipe	Distance in feet
Not exceeding . Exceeding ¾ inch but not exceeding Exceeding .	¾ inch 1 inch 1 inch	40 25 10

47. Every hot water cylinder or tank not forming part of a water heating apparatus in which water is heated only under thermostatic control shall be of such a size that it will hold not less than twenty-five gallons, shall be constructed of copper or of some other equally suitable material and shall be adequately supported;

Provided that in the case of a hot water system comprising more than one hot water cylinder or tank at different levels, the requirements of this byelaw as to size shall apply only to the lowest cylinder or tank.

48. Every hot water cylinder or tank of such a size that it will hold not less than twenty-five gallons shall, if made of copper, comply with British Standard 699: 1951 for copper cylinders for domestic purposes or with British Standard 1566: 1949 for copper indirect cylinders.

49. No tap or other means of drawing water (other than a tap with a removable key for emptying the system for cleaning or repair) shall be connected to any part of a hot water system below the top of the hot water storage cistern, cylinder or tank in such a way that the level of the water in the cistern can be lowered more than one-half of its depth, or that the level of the water in the cylinder or tank can be lowered more than one-fourth of its depth:

Provided that -
(i) in the case of a hot water system comprising more than one hot water cylinder or tank at different levels this byelaw shall apply only to the lowest cylinder or tank;
(ii) this byelaw shall not apply in the case of an open vessel in which water is directly heated or to a hot water storage cistern, cylinder or tank forming part of a hot water system in which water is heated only under thermostatic control.

Baths, lavatory basin, sinks etc.

50. Every inlet to a fixed bath, lavatory basin, or sink shall be distinct from, and unconnected with, any outlet therefrom and every outlet for emptying such bath, lavatory basin, or sink shall be provided with a well-fitting and easily accessible watertight plug or some other equally suitable apparatus.

51. The level of the point of discharge of the hot or cold water to a fixed bath, lavatory basin, or sink shall be above the level of the overflow, or if there be no overflow, of the top edge of the bath, basin or sink;

Provided that this byelaw shall not apply to any bidet, sitz-bath, slop or sluicing sink or similar apparatus if every pipe conveying hot or cold water to such apparatus is connected to -

(a) the hot or cold distribution system at a point not less than six feet above the level of any inlet to such apparatus; or
 (b) a storage cistern supplying water to such apparatus only; or
 (c) a flushing cistern.

Flushing apparatus for waterclosets and urinals

52. Every watercloset and every urinal shall be provided with a flushing cistern or with some other equally efficient and suitable flushing apparatus.

53. Every flushing cistern serving a watercloset shall be so designed as to give a flush of two gallons with a permitted variation of plus or minus five per cent and, subject thereto, shall comply with British Standard 1125: 1945 for W.C. flushing cisterns.

54. Every flushing cistern serving a urinal shall be so designed as to give a flush of one gallon per stall or per two feet three inches width of slab with a permitted variation of plus or minus five per cent and, subject thereto, shall comply with British Standard 1125: 1945 for W.C. flushing cisterns, or with British Standard 1876: 1952 for automatic flushing cisterns for urinals.

Taps on service pipes

55. A draw-off tap in a position convenient for drawing drinking water shall be provided on the service pipe in every house.

Standpipes

56. Every standpipe which is used by the occupants of more than one house shall be provided with a non-concussive self-closing or other suitable waste-preventing tap.

Watering-troughs

57. Every pipe supplying water to a watering-trough for animals shall be fitted with a ball valve or some other effective means of controlling the inflow of water so designed as to prevent overflow, fixed in a separate compartment and protected by a cover which can be locked by a removable key.

Disconnection of water fittings

58. Where any water fitting is to be permanently disconnected so much of any pipe which supplies water to that fitting only, and is not required to supply water to any other fitting, shall also be disconnected.

Notices to be given to the undertakers

59. A person who takes a supply of water from the undertakers other wise than by meter and proposes to use any of the water so supplied:
(a) for operating a water-cooled refrigerating apparatus; or
(b) for operating any apparatus depending while in use upon a supply of continuously running water, not being an apparatus used solely for heating the water; or
(c) for cleaning, regenerating or supplying motive power to any apparatus used for softening water; or
(d) by means of a hosepipe or other similar apparatus for watering a garden or for horses, washing vehicles, or other purposes, in stables, garages or other premises where horses or vehicles are kept;
shall give to the undertakers at least seven days' notice in writing of this intention so to do.

60. Before fixing or altering (otherwise than by way of repair or renewal) any water fitting in connection with any existing supply of water from the undertakers a person shall give to the undertakers at least three days' notice in writing of this intention so to do.

Penalties

61. Every person who shall contravene any of these byelaws shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding the sum of twenty pounds, in respect of each offence, and in the case of a continuing offence to a further fine not exceeding five pounds for each day during which the offence continues after conviction therefor.